Civil Engineering Professional Engineer Practice Exam

The scenario that best illustrates the importance of drainage systems in civil engineering is the removal of excess groundwater to avert waterlogging. Effective drainage systems are designed to manage and direct the flow of water—whether from rainfall, melting snow, or groundwater—away from structures and areas vulnerable to excess moisture.

Waterlogging can lead to a variety of problems, including impaired soil fertility, damage to foundations, and increased pressure on drainage systems, which can compromise their functionality. By removing excess groundwater, drainage systems protect infrastructure, enhance soil stability, and reduce the risk of structural damage.

The other options address different aspects that do not directly relate to the primary function of drainage systems. Preventing soil erosion during a drought primarily pertains to water conservation and soil management rather than drainage. Enhancing building design for aesthetics and improving energy efficiency of buildings are more related to architectural and mechanical systems and do not highlight the central role of drainage. Thus, the focus on groundwater removal directly correlates with the essential purpose of drainage systems in civil engineering.